Co-designing climate-smart farming systems with local stakeholders: A methodological framework for achieving large-scale change

The literature is increasing on how to prioritize climate-smart options with stakeholders but relatively few examples exist on how to co-design climate-smart farming systems with them, in particular with smallholder farmers. This article presents a methodological framework to co-design climate-smart farming systems with local stakeholders (farmers, scientists, NGOs) so that large-scale change can be achieved. This framework is based on the lessons learned during a research project conducted in Honduras and Colombia from 2015 to 2017. Seven phases are suggested to engage a process of co-conception of climate-smart farming systems that might enable implementation at scale: (1) “exploration of the initial situation,” which identifies local stakeholders potentially interested in being involved in the process, existing farming systems, and specific constraints to the implementation of climate-smart agriculture (CSA); (2) “co-definition of an innovation platform,” which defines the structure and the rules of functioning for a platform favoring the involvement of local stakeholders in the process; (3) “shared diagnosis,” which defines the main challenges to be solved by the innovation platform; (4) “identification and ex ante assessment of new farming systems,” which assess the potential performances of solutions prioritized by the members of the innovation platform under CSA pillars; (5) “experimentation,” which tests the prioritized solutions on-farm; (6) “assessment of the co-design process of climate-smart farming systems,” which validates the ability of the process to reach its initial objectives, particularly in terms of new farming systems but also in terms of capacity building; and (7) “definition of strategies for scaling up/out,” which addresses the scaling of the co-design process. For each phase, specific tools or methodologies are used: focus groups, social network analysis, theory of change, life-cycle assessment, and on-farm experiments. Each phase is illustrated with results obtained in Colombia or Honduras

La evolución de la protesta social en Colombia y los retos en su protección para las Fuerzas Militares

This article examines the evolution of social protest in Colombia during the 20th and 21st centuries to determine some of the Armed Forces’ (FF.MM.) challenges in protecting this right as an institution under civil authority. A qualitative-descriptive methodology is employed to characterize social movements and identify the milestones of social protest in Colombia and the reasons that led the Armed Forces to protect this right. Subsequently, through the concept of Defense Support to Civil Authority (ADAC), three main challenges for the Armed Forces are examined: 1) construing their role in society; 2) counteracting the infiltration of illegal groups in protests; and 3) mitigating the legal uncertainty produced by the absence of a law on national security and defense. Finally, it is contended that the ADAC is a differential tool to guarantee social movements’ public manifestations and the citizens’ free expression.Este artículo analiza la evolución de la protesta social en Colombia durante los siglos XX y XXI con el fin de determinar algunos de los desafíos en la protección de este derecho por parte de las Fuerzas Militares (FF.MM.) como institución bajo la autoridad civil. A través de una metodología cualitativa-descriptiva que facilita la caracterización de los movimientos sociales, así como la identificación de los hitos de la protesta social en Colombia y de las razones que llevaron a las FF.MM a la protección de este derecho. Posteriormente, mediante la utilización del concepto de Apoyo de la Defensa a la Autoridad Civil (ADAC), se examinan tres retos principales para las FF.MM.: 1) facilitar la comprensión sobre su rol en la sociedad; 2) contrarrestar la infiltración de grupos al margen de la ley en las protestas; y 3) mitigar la inseguridad jurídica generada por la ausencia de una ley en seguridad y defensa nacionales. Finalmente, se argumenta que el ADAC es una herramienta diferencial para garantizar la manifestación pública de los movimientos sociales y la libre expresión de los ciudadanos

Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Bosque seco Tropical (Bs-T) de la cuenca alta del río Cauca, Colombia

Based on the review of material deposited in the Museum of Entomology, University of Valle (MUSENUV) and exhaustive search of the literature has been published by the group of Biology, Ecology and Management of Ants in the last 15 years, presents the updated list of ant species that inhabit the tropical dry forest of the Cauca river valley. Implemented various collection methods (direct capture, pitfall traps, tuna baits attraction and Winkler litter extraction) in 13 forest fragments and surrounding habitats, which reported 215 species of ants, represented by 63 genera and 12 subfamilies. Forest fragments, in contrast to other habitats (gallery forest, bamboo, sugar cane crops and pastures), retain 93% of the total diversity, demonstrating its importance in conservation and maintenance of regional diversity of the tropical dry forest

Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Bosque seco Tropical (Bs-T) de la cuenca alta del río Cauca, Colombia

Based on the review of material deposited in the Museum of Entomology, University of Valle (MUSENUV) and exhaustive search of the literature has been published by the group of Biology, Ecology and Management of Ants in the last 15 years, presents the updated list of ant species that inhabit the tropical dry forest of the Cauca river valley. Implemented various collection methods (direct capture, pitfall traps, tuna baits attraction and Winkler litter extraction) in 13 forest fragments and surrounding habitats, which reported 215 species of ants, represented by 63 genera and 12 subfamilies. Forest fragments, in contrast to other habitats (gallery forest, bamboo, sugar cane crops and pastures), retain 93% of the total diversity, demonstrating its importance in conservation and maintenance of regional diversity of the tropical dry forest.Con base en la revisión del material depositado en el Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle (MUSENUV) (Cali, Colombia) y en la búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura que ha sido publicada por el grupo de Biología, Ecología y Manejo de Hormigas de la Universidad del Valle durante los últimos 15 años, se presenta el listado actualizado de las especies de hormigas que habitan el Bosque seco Tropical (Bs-T) del valle geográfico del río Cauca. Se implementaron diversos métodos de colecta (captura directa, trampas de caída, atracción a cebos de atún y procesamiento de hojarasca en sacos Winkler), en 13 fragmentos de bosque y sus hábitats aledaños, donde se reportan 215 especies de hormigas representadas por 63 géneros y 12 subfamilias. Los fragmentos de bosque, en contraste con otros hábitats (bosque de galería, guaduales, guadua, cultivos de caña de azúcar y potreros), conservan el 93% de la riqueza total, lo que demuestra su importancia en la conservación y mantenimiento de la diversidad regional de hormigas del bosque seco tropical

¿De qué manera la baja autoestima afecta la participación en los procesos de autogestión comunitaria?

Tablas, anexos, formato de entrevista.En el proyecto de investigación se encuentra desarrollado un esquema investigativo que da razón de una consulta detallada de temas importantes que se deben tener en cuenta para el análisis y propuestas de solución a las respuestas de las comunidades u organizaciones participantes en este proceso de investigación y que están relacionadas con su situación de autoestima actual. Todo el trabajo se basa en las indagaciones realizadas en cada una de las comunidades donde se pudo evidenciar que existen ciertas similitudes en los resultados entre las diferentes situaciones, tales como problemas económicos, bajo nivel de escolarización, carencia afectiva, lo que nos remite a pensar en las consecuencias y efectos que pueden tener estos aspectos sobre la familia y la comunidad en la que se encuentran determinándose un factor en común que retarda los procesos de desarrollo a nivel familiar y comunitario y se identifica como la baja autoestima.In the research project it is developed a research scheme that accounts for a detailed consultation of important issues to consider in the analysis and proposed solutions to the answers of the communities or organizations involved in this process of research and They are related to the current situation esteem. All work is based on inquiries made in each of the communities where it was evident that there are certain similarities in results between different situations , such as economic problems , low level of education , lack of affection , which refers us to think the consequences and effects that can have these aspects of family and community that are determined one common factor that slows development processes at the household and community level and identified as low self-esteem

I Congreso - Convergencias y divergencias. Hacia educaciones y desarrollo otros.

La presente colección, en su primera publicación, recoge la experiencia del I Congreso Internacional de Educación para el Desarrollo en Perspectiva Latinoamericana- EpDl “Convergencias y divergencias. Hacia educaciones y desarrollos otros.” organizado por el Centro de Educación para el Desarrollo-CED de UNIMINUTO, específicamente en relación con las ponencias, libros e iniciativas fotográficas presentadas en las seis líneas temáticas de este evento académico, a saber: (a) experiencias y prácticas pedagógicas; (b) acciones colectivas, movimientos y redes sociales; (c) perspectivas críticas al desarrollo; (d) producción de conocimiento; (e) diferencias, identidades y ciudadanía; (f) cuerpos, emociones y espiritualidades; a partir de éstas propuestas y en el marco de estas líneas, se reflexionó sobre las dinámicas y problemáticas derivadas del desarrollo hegemónico, así como sobre la posibilidad de diálogo entre saberes y conocimientos construidos de forma contextualizada, que permitan agenciar apuestas y proyectos alternativos disidentes en la búsqueda de “desarrollos y educaciones otras” desde América Latina

Transcriptome-wide association study of breast cancer risk by estrogen-receptor status

Previous transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but analyses of breast cancer subtype-specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER-). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER- subtypes, using a case-only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER- breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS-significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast-cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS-significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER- breast cancer.Peer reviewe

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM -/- patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

Evolución jurisprudencial del derecho a la adopción por parejas del mismo sexo

CD-T 346.017 8 G93;76 páginas.Luego de que en Colombia se han reconocido los derechos de las lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales a desarrollarse como familia, esta calidad de familia siempre ha tenido una limitación expresa en los pronunciamientos de la corte constitucional en cuanto a la adopción, por tanto se requiere compilar el estudio en cuanto a las adopciones homoparentales en el mundo para comprender la negativa de la Corte Constitucional y el Congreso de la República en cuanto a que en Colombia las parejas del mismo sexo no puedan adoptar hijos.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereir